Crookes Tube

Crookes tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Crookes tubes are now used only for demonstrating cathode rays. Wilhelm Röntgen discovered x-rays with the Crookes tube in 1895. ...
en.wikipedia.org

Molecular Expressions: Electricity and Magnetism - Interactive Java ...
... visible ionizing radiation is created in a cathode ray tube from the flow of electrons through the gas in the tube. ... Crookes used a Maltese Cross-shaped ...
micro.magnet.fsu.edu

Geissler and Crookes Tubes
Crookes. These tubes were probably made by (or for) Heinrich Geissler, possibly as early ... Crookes Tubes. I will let these photos speak for themselves. ...
www.oneillselectronicmuseum.com

X-ray tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Crookes tubes generated the electrons needed to create x-rays by ionization of ... The Crookes tube was improved by William Coolidge in 1913. ...
en.wikipedia.org

Crookes Y Tube
One of the vacuum discharge tubes available from PV Scientific Instruments ... Although the Crookes "Y" tube rarely is seen in textbooks, museums, or ...
www.arcsandsparks.com

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{| border=0 width=246px; style="float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width:246px; border:1px solid black;"|-| Crookes Tube Schematic (hot cathode variation)
The low voltage power supply (A) is connected to heat the cathode (C). The higher voltage power supply (B) energizes the phosphor-coated anode (P). The mask (M) is connected to the cathode potential and its image is seen on the phosphor as a non-glowing area. This tube may be built without supply A by using a cold cathode
] glass cone with 3 node Electrical elements (one anode and two cathodes). It is an invention of the 19th century scientist William Crookes and is an evolutionary development of the earlier Geissler tube.

Description of ultilization The Crookes tube was designed to explore phosphorescent effects observed in the Geissler tube — at high vacuum any phosphorescent material within the low pressure envelope would glow, but only at one terminal. The excitation of the phosphor was attributed by Crookes to what he called cathode rays, and which are now interpreted to be Elementary particles rather than waves; these particles are electrons.

At the small end of a glass cone (geometry), an electrically heated wire, called the cathode, produces electrons. At the opposite end, a phosphor coated screen forming an anode is connected to the positive terminal of a voltage source of modest voltage (a few hundred volts), whose negative end is connected to the cathode. In between the cathode and the anode is placed a third element, a flat plate with some distinctive shape (the shadow mask), also connected to the cathode. When the appropriate voltages are applied to the various elements the screen will be seen to glow. A non-glowing image of the shadow mask will be imposed upon the screen.

Improvements and innovations Replacing the shadow mask with a beam focusing cylinder created the electron gun, which enabled the creation of a spot of illumination. The addition of electrostatic deflectors in the horizontal and vertical planes allowed the visualization of voltages applied to the deflectors. In this way, the tube was eventually developed as the display portion of the oscilloscope (a diagnostic and display device for use in electronics). This was further developed as a display device for radar and television displays using external magnetic coils for focusing and deflection. The principle of the shadow mask was exploited in displays for color television sets.

It was also observed that the application of high voltage (e.g. 25,000 volts) to the anode within a high vacuum tube would produce X-rays (observed by the inadvertent fogging of photographic film, even though it was within a light proof enclosure). Specialized tubes were developed that replaced the phosphor with a metal target and which focused the beam on a small spot to aid in obtaining a point source of the rays - this would then produce a sharp image of intervening material on the film.

External links

an illustration of a "maltese cross" Crookes tube.
The Cathode Ray Tube site
Crookes and Geissler tubes shown working

Crookes Tube - 8kby3e7yx2 | Google Groups
Crookes Tube Molecular Expressions: Electricity and Magnetism - Interactive Java ..... how visible ionizing radiation is created in a cathode ray tube from the flow of electrons ...

Crookes tube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A Crookes tube is an early experimental discharge tube, invented by British physicist William Crookes and others around 1875, in which cathode rays, that is electrons, were ...

Crookes tube - Wikimedia Commons
This page was last modified on 12 July 2008, at 09:15. Text is available under GNU Free Documentation License. Wikimedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation ...

Image:Crookes tube diagram.svg - Wikimedia Commons
English: Diagram of Crookes tube, an experimental discharge tube invented by William Crookes around 1875. The power supply applies a voltage of several thousand volts between the ...

JAVA Tutorial: Crookes Tube
An applet demonstrating the experiment of Crookes to show electrons travel in straight paths.

Crookes Tube - MSN Encarta
Crookes Tube, device for the production of a beam of high-speed electrons. Invented by the British chemist and physicist Sir William Crookes, the...

Picture of Crookes\' Deflection Tube
Picture of Crookes\' Deflection Tube

Catalogue item #1146310990: Crookes' Deflection Tube
Description: Early Crookes'deflection tube. length 14" (36 cm) height 6.75" (17 cm) Delivery at cost guaranteed to be delivered intact Sale Details:

YouTube - Crookes Y tube
Rate: Ratings disabled. Views: 79,659. Share: Favorite: Playlists: Flag: MySpace. Facebook. Digg (more share options) (fewer share options) This video will appear on your blog ...

Crookes Y Tube
One of the vacuum discharge tubes available from PV Scientific Instruments ... Although the Crookes “Y” tube rarely is seen in textbooks, museums, or collectors' catalogs, it ...